Cells may be grown in vitro as explants of tissue, such as respiratory or intestinal epithelium, or as cell cultures. However, the in vitro cultivation of viruses in cell cultures is essential for the study of their mode of replication and for diagnostic virology. The natural host is still useful for the studies of pathogenesis and immunology, experiments in chemotherapy, and occasionally for diaglostic purposes. ![]() In veterinary virology, the natural host animal is used for the cultivation of viruses indeed the earliest viral assay has been carried out with foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. However, most viruses are grown in cultured cells, embryonated hen's eggs, or laboratory animals. Some viruses are restricted in the kinds of cells in which they replicate, and a few have not yet been cultivated at all under laboratory conditions. ![]() Viruses replicate only within living cells.
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